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1 theoretical proof
Робототехника: теоретическое доказательство -
2 theoretical proof
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3 theoretical proof
The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > theoretical proof
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4 theoretical proof
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5 theoretical proof
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6 proof
1) доказательство || являющийся доказательством; доказывающий2) математическая или арифметическая проверка3) проверка; контроль || проверенный; прошедший контроль4) испытания || испытанный; выдержавший испытания5) корректураб) пробный оттиск; гранка6) читать корректуру с целью исправления (орфографических) ошибок, проф. держать корректуру8) подвергать обработке с целью повышения устойчивости к внешним воздействиям (напр. влагостойкости)•- proof by enumeration
- proof by exhaustion
- proof by induction
- proof by reduction to absurdity
- abstract proof
- color proof
- deductive proof
- digital proof
- digital color proof
- direct proof
- direct digital color proof
- exact proof
- experimental proof
- galley proof
- heuristic proof
- indirect proof
- logical proof
- mathematical proof
- theoretical proof
- zero-knowledge proof -
7 proof
1) доказательство || являющийся доказательством; доказывающий3) проверка; контроль || проверенный; прошедший контроль4) испытания || испытанный; выдержавший испытания5) корректураб) пробный оттиск; гранка6) читать корректуру с целью исправления (орфографических) ошибок, проф. держать корректуру8) подвергать обработке с целью повышения устойчивости к внешним воздействиям (напр. влагостойкости)•- color proof
- deductive proof
- digital color proof
- digital proof
- direct digital color proof
- direct proof
- exact proof
- experimental proof
- galley proof
- heuristic proof
- indirect proof
- logical proof
- mathematical proof
- proof by contradiction
- proof by enumeration
- proof by exhaustion
- proof by induction
- proof by reduction to absurdity
- theoretical proof
- zero-knowledge proofThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > proof
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8 theoretical
теоретический, расчетный
– theoretical evaluation
– theoretical mechanics
– theoretical proof
– theoretical skills
– theoretical study
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9 method
метод; процедура; способ- antithetic variate method - average ordinate method - average range method - binary search method - conjugate directions method - conjugate gradient method - control chart method - conventional milling method - correlation function method - decision function method - differential control method - Feynman diagram method - first approximation method - gradient projection method - iterative method - large sample method - large sieve method - least-squares regression method - less than fully efficient method - linearly implicit method - method of adjoint gradient - method of algebraic addition - method of alternating directions - method of balanced blocks - method of complex numbers - method of confidence intervals - method of conformal mappings - method of conjugate directions - method of conjugate gradients - method of cyclic descent - method of detached coefficients - method of disjunction of cases - method of divided differences - method of electrical images - method of elimination of quantifiers - method of empty ball - method of extreme values - method of false position - method of feasible directions - method of finite differences - method of first approximation - method of first entrance - method of fitting constants - method of fixed points - method of full enumeration - method of generating functions - method of geometric exhaustion - method of indefinite coefficients - method of infinite descent - method of interval bisection - method of least absolute values - method of least distance - method of least likelihood - method of maximum likelihood - method of means and standard deviations - method of medians and extreme values - method of minimal change - method of minimal variance - method of mirror reflections - method of moving frame - method of multiple comparison - method of orthogonal projections - method of paired associates - method of paired comparisons - method of phase integrals - method of projecting cones - method of proportional parts - method of rotating factors - method of semantic tableaux - method of separation of variables - method of simulaneous displacements - method of stationary phase - method of statistical differentials - method of statistical inference - method of steep variations - method of steepest ascent - method of stochastic approximation - method of straightforward iteration - method of successive displacements - method of successive divisions - method of successive elimination - method of transfinite induction - method of unweighted means - method of variable differences - method of variation of parameters - method of weighted residuals - optimum method - parallel tangents method - precision method - random walk method - recursive method - reduced gradient method - reflected wave method - relative method of measurement - sampling method by variables - statistical sampling method - steepest descent method - time average method -
10 Creativity
Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the influence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with DisorderEven to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)[P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Creativity
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11 aircraft
воздушное судно [суда], атмосферный летательный аппарат [аппараты]; самолёт (ы) ; вертолёты); авиация; авиационный; см. тж. airplane, boostaircraft in the barrier — самолёт, задержанный аварийной (аэродромной) тормозной установкой
aircraft off the line — новый [только что построенный] ЛА
B through F aircraft — самолёты модификаций B, C, D, E и F
carrier(-based, -borne) aircraft — палубный ЛА; авианосная авиация
conventional takeoff and landing aircraft — самолёт с обычными взлетом и посадкой (в отличие от укороченного или вертикального)
keep the aircraft (headed) straight — выдерживать направление полёта ЛА (при выполнении маневра); сохранять прямолинейный полет ЛА
keep the aircraft stalled — сохранять режим срыва [сваливания] самолёта, оставлять самолёт в режиме срыва [сваливания]
nearly wing borne aircraft — верт. ЛА в конце режима перехода к горизонтальному полёту
pull the aircraft off the deck — разг. отрывать ЛА от земли (при взлете)
put the aircraft nose-up — переводить [вводить] ЛА на кабрирование [в режим кабрирования]
put the aircraft through its paces — определять предельные возможности ЛА, «выжимать все из ЛА»
reduced takeoff and landing aircraft — самолёт укороченного взлета и посадки (с укороченным разбегом и пробегом)
rocket(-powered, -propelled) aircraft — ракетный ЛА, ЛА с ракетным двигателем
roll the aircraft into a bank — вводить ЛА в крен, накренять ЛА
rotate the aircraft into the climb — увеличивать угол тангажа ЛА для перехода к набору высоты, переводить ЛА в набор высоты
short takeoff and landing aircraft — самолёт короткого взлета и посадки (с коротким разбегом и пробегом)
single vertical tail aircraft — ЛА с одинарным [центральным] вертикальным оперением
strategic(-mission, -purpose) aircraft — ЛА стратегического назначения; стратегический самолёт
take the aircraft throughout its entire envelope — пилотировать ЛА во всем диапазоне полётных режимов
trim the aircraft to fly hands-and-feet off — балансировать самолёт для полёта с брошенным управлением [с брошенными ручкой и педалями]
turbofan(-engined, -powered) aircraft — ЛА с турбовентиляторными двигателями, ЛА с ТРДД
turbojet(-powered, -propelled) aircraft — ЛА с ТРД
undergraduate navigator training aircraft — учебно-тренировочный самолёт для повышенной лётной подготовки штурманов
water(-based, takeoff and landing) aircraft — гидросамолёт
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12 TP
1) Общая лексика: inspection test plan, like TCP)2) Компьютерная техника: Thermal Printer, Touch Panel, Transactional Process, Turbo Pascal, Turing Processor3) Биология: testosteron propionate4) Медицина: Trusted Pharmacist, общий белок (total protein), тестостерона пропионат5) Американизм: Termination Power, Trade Policy, Twin Priorities6) Ботаника: Tender Perennial, Thermo Plankton7) Спорт: Technique Points, Teen Players, Tell Position, Tournament Pack, Tournament Play, Troll Persistantly, Trout Production, True Players8) Военный термин: Tactical Points, Telephone, Temporary Pass, Tentative Preference, Toilet Paper, Total Package, Total Penetration, Transition Plan, Turn Port, tank-piercing, target package, target point, target practice, technical pamphlet, technical paper, technical performance, technical problem, technical proposal, technical publication, technology parameter, telemetry processor, terminal point, test panel, test pilot, test plan, test procedure, time and percussion, top priority, tracking program, training period, training pipeline, training projectile, transfer point, transition period, transport pack, transport pilot, transportation priority, troop program, true position, turning point9) Техника: Textile Paper, Thermal Pajamas, Thread Pool, tape, tape puncher, telephone pickup, teleprinter, teleprocessing, temporary procedure, test port, test position, testosterone propionate, timing point, total pressure, transfer on positive, triple pole switch, tube plug, tube pressure, tuned plate, переходной патрубок, transition piece10) Сельское хозяйство: total porosity12) Химия: Transition Point, Triple Point13) Математика: Transforming Principle, True Positive, Tuple Production, полная положительность (total positivity), транспортная задача (transportation problem)14) Религия: Total Praise, Total Prayer15) Железнодорожный термин: Union Pacific Railroad Company16) Юридический термин: The Pedophile, Theft Protection, Traffic Police, True Parents17) Автомобильный термин: throttle position, Theft Protection Защита от угона18) Биржевой термин: Target Price, Trade Pending, Trade Police19) Ветеринария: Top Parrot20) Грубое выражение: Tits And P, Trading Partners21) Политика: Sao Tome and Principe22) Телекоммуникации: Telephone Pole, Transaction Program, Typical Provider, Transport Protocol (ISO)23) Сокращение: East Timor, Tactical Plot, Timor Portuguese, Traffic Post, Training Practice, tie plate, top, torpedo part of beam, transportation problem, true profile, Transport Protocol (ISO/CCITT Transport Services (TP0-TP4); like TCP), total protein, Technical Project24) Университет: Teaching Practice, Technology Prodigies25) Физика: Time Polygon, Toroidal Poloidal, Transmission Projection26) Физиология: Triple Penetration27) Электроника: Timing Pulse, Top Plate, Tuning Pulser28) Вычислительная техника: Transport Protocol, terminal processor, test program, Turbo Pascal (Borland), Transport Protocol (ISO/CCITT Transport Services (TP0-TP4), Twisted Pair (cable, LAN)29) Нефть: tool pusher, triple pole, буровой мастер (tool pusher), техническая статья (technical paper), давление в насосно-компрессорных трубах (tubing pressure), Tubing Puncher30) Связь: terminal portability31) Транспорт: Telecommunications Processor, Tire Pressure, Total Particulate Matter, Tour Preferred, Tour Proven, Traffic Programme, Trailer Point, Travel Permit32) Пищевая промышленность: Toss Pot, Tough Pigs33) Фирменный знак: Towne Pharmacy, Trading Post34) Экология: Timber Preserved, Tropical Park35) СМИ: Tattler Plus, The Poet, Tiny Plot, Trade Paperback, Translation Process, Two Part36) Деловая лексика: Technology Preview, Tee Productions, Typical Price37) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Third Parties38) Образование: Teacher Pronounced, Tried And Proven39) Сетевые технологии: Team Portal, Termination Point, Transaction Processor, Transfer Protocol, Transit Portal, transaction processing, twisted pair, витая пара, обработка транзакций, транспортный протокол40) Полимеры: test pressure, thermoplastic, tubing pressure41) Ядерная физика: Terphenyl42) Контроль качества: test point43) Пластмассы: Tube Plastic44) Сахалин Р: Technical Passport, Technical Permit, Topping Plant45) Химическое оружие: technical provision46) Безопасность: Tamper Proof47) Расширение файла: Turbo Pascal Configuration file, Turbo Profiler Session-state file, Turbo Pascal cfg file (Borland Pascal)48) Энергосистемы: transmission provider, компания-провайдер электропередачи49) Нефть и газ: technical design, trunk pipeline, МН, магистральный нефтепровод50) МИД: theoretical performance (of a single "CE")51) Электротехника: timing pulses, tin plate52) Фантастика Tiger Princess, Tongan Princess53) Имена и фамилии: Thomas Paine, Tom Petty54) Должность: Teaching Professional, The Pretender, Tidy And Punctual, Transpersonal Psychology55) Чат: Tested Positive, Top Posting56) Правительство: Terrace Park57) НАСА: Tracker Processor58) Программное обеспечение: Third Party59) Хобби: Tin Penny60) Федеральное бюро расследований: Tampa Field Office61) Международная торговля: Trading Partner -
13 Tp
1) Общая лексика: inspection test plan, like TCP)2) Компьютерная техника: Thermal Printer, Touch Panel, Transactional Process, Turbo Pascal, Turing Processor3) Биология: testosteron propionate4) Медицина: Trusted Pharmacist, общий белок (total protein), тестостерона пропионат5) Американизм: Termination Power, Trade Policy, Twin Priorities6) Ботаника: Tender Perennial, Thermo Plankton7) Спорт: Technique Points, Teen Players, Tell Position, Tournament Pack, Tournament Play, Troll Persistantly, Trout Production, True Players8) Военный термин: Tactical Points, Telephone, Temporary Pass, Tentative Preference, Toilet Paper, Total Package, Total Penetration, Transition Plan, Turn Port, tank-piercing, target package, target point, target practice, technical pamphlet, technical paper, technical performance, technical problem, technical proposal, technical publication, technology parameter, telemetry processor, terminal point, test panel, test pilot, test plan, test procedure, time and percussion, top priority, tracking program, training period, training pipeline, training projectile, transfer point, transition period, transport pack, transport pilot, transportation priority, troop program, true position, turning point9) Техника: Textile Paper, Thermal Pajamas, Thread Pool, tape, tape puncher, telephone pickup, teleprinter, teleprocessing, temporary procedure, test port, test position, testosterone propionate, timing point, total pressure, transfer on positive, triple pole switch, tube plug, tube pressure, tuned plate, переходной патрубок, transition piece10) Сельское хозяйство: total porosity12) Химия: Transition Point, Triple Point13) Математика: Transforming Principle, True Positive, Tuple Production, полная положительность (total positivity), транспортная задача (transportation problem)14) Религия: Total Praise, Total Prayer15) Железнодорожный термин: Union Pacific Railroad Company16) Юридический термин: The Pedophile, Theft Protection, Traffic Police, True Parents17) Автомобильный термин: throttle position, Theft Protection Защита от угона18) Биржевой термин: Target Price, Trade Pending, Trade Police19) Ветеринария: Top Parrot20) Грубое выражение: Tits And P, Trading Partners21) Политика: Sao Tome and Principe22) Телекоммуникации: Telephone Pole, Transaction Program, Typical Provider, Transport Protocol (ISO)23) Сокращение: East Timor, Tactical Plot, Timor Portuguese, Traffic Post, Training Practice, tie plate, top, torpedo part of beam, transportation problem, true profile, Transport Protocol (ISO/CCITT Transport Services (TP0-TP4); like TCP), total protein, Technical Project24) Университет: Teaching Practice, Technology Prodigies25) Физика: Time Polygon, Toroidal Poloidal, Transmission Projection26) Физиология: Triple Penetration27) Электроника: Timing Pulse, Top Plate, Tuning Pulser28) Вычислительная техника: Transport Protocol, terminal processor, test program, Turbo Pascal (Borland), Transport Protocol (ISO/CCITT Transport Services (TP0-TP4), Twisted Pair (cable, LAN)29) Нефть: tool pusher, triple pole, буровой мастер (tool pusher), техническая статья (technical paper), давление в насосно-компрессорных трубах (tubing pressure), Tubing Puncher30) Связь: terminal portability31) Транспорт: Telecommunications Processor, Tire Pressure, Total Particulate Matter, Tour Preferred, Tour Proven, Traffic Programme, Trailer Point, Travel Permit32) Пищевая промышленность: Toss Pot, Tough Pigs33) Фирменный знак: Towne Pharmacy, Trading Post34) Экология: Timber Preserved, Tropical Park35) СМИ: Tattler Plus, The Poet, Tiny Plot, Trade Paperback, Translation Process, Two Part36) Деловая лексика: Technology Preview, Tee Productions, Typical Price37) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Third Parties38) Образование: Teacher Pronounced, Tried And Proven39) Сетевые технологии: Team Portal, Termination Point, Transaction Processor, Transfer Protocol, Transit Portal, transaction processing, twisted pair, витая пара, обработка транзакций, транспортный протокол40) Полимеры: test pressure, thermoplastic, tubing pressure41) Ядерная физика: Terphenyl42) Контроль качества: test point43) Пластмассы: Tube Plastic44) Сахалин Р: Technical Passport, Technical Permit, Topping Plant45) Химическое оружие: technical provision46) Безопасность: Tamper Proof47) Расширение файла: Turbo Pascal Configuration file, Turbo Profiler Session-state file, Turbo Pascal cfg file (Borland Pascal)48) Энергосистемы: transmission provider, компания-провайдер электропередачи49) Нефть и газ: technical design, trunk pipeline, МН, магистральный нефтепровод50) МИД: theoretical performance (of a single "CE")51) Электротехника: timing pulses, tin plate52) Фантастика Tiger Princess, Tongan Princess53) Имена и фамилии: Thomas Paine, Tom Petty54) Должность: Teaching Professional, The Pretender, Tidy And Punctual, Transpersonal Psychology55) Чат: Tested Positive, Top Posting56) Правительство: Terrace Park57) НАСА: Tracker Processor58) Программное обеспечение: Third Party59) Хобби: Tin Penny60) Федеральное бюро расследований: Tampa Field Office61) Международная торговля: Trading Partner -
14 tp
1) Общая лексика: inspection test plan, like TCP)2) Компьютерная техника: Thermal Printer, Touch Panel, Transactional Process, Turbo Pascal, Turing Processor3) Биология: testosteron propionate4) Медицина: Trusted Pharmacist, общий белок (total protein), тестостерона пропионат5) Американизм: Termination Power, Trade Policy, Twin Priorities6) Ботаника: Tender Perennial, Thermo Plankton7) Спорт: Technique Points, Teen Players, Tell Position, Tournament Pack, Tournament Play, Troll Persistantly, Trout Production, True Players8) Военный термин: Tactical Points, Telephone, Temporary Pass, Tentative Preference, Toilet Paper, Total Package, Total Penetration, Transition Plan, Turn Port, tank-piercing, target package, target point, target practice, technical pamphlet, technical paper, technical performance, technical problem, technical proposal, technical publication, technology parameter, telemetry processor, terminal point, test panel, test pilot, test plan, test procedure, time and percussion, top priority, tracking program, training period, training pipeline, training projectile, transfer point, transition period, transport pack, transport pilot, transportation priority, troop program, true position, turning point9) Техника: Textile Paper, Thermal Pajamas, Thread Pool, tape, tape puncher, telephone pickup, teleprinter, teleprocessing, temporary procedure, test port, test position, testosterone propionate, timing point, total pressure, transfer on positive, triple pole switch, tube plug, tube pressure, tuned plate, переходной патрубок, transition piece10) Сельское хозяйство: total porosity12) Химия: Transition Point, Triple Point13) Математика: Transforming Principle, True Positive, Tuple Production, полная положительность (total positivity), транспортная задача (transportation problem)14) Религия: Total Praise, Total Prayer15) Железнодорожный термин: Union Pacific Railroad Company16) Юридический термин: The Pedophile, Theft Protection, Traffic Police, True Parents17) Автомобильный термин: throttle position, Theft Protection Защита от угона18) Биржевой термин: Target Price, Trade Pending, Trade Police19) Ветеринария: Top Parrot20) Грубое выражение: Tits And P, Trading Partners21) Политика: Sao Tome and Principe22) Телекоммуникации: Telephone Pole, Transaction Program, Typical Provider, Transport Protocol (ISO)23) Сокращение: East Timor, Tactical Plot, Timor Portuguese, Traffic Post, Training Practice, tie plate, top, torpedo part of beam, transportation problem, true profile, Transport Protocol (ISO/CCITT Transport Services (TP0-TP4); like TCP), total protein, Technical Project24) Университет: Teaching Practice, Technology Prodigies25) Физика: Time Polygon, Toroidal Poloidal, Transmission Projection26) Физиология: Triple Penetration27) Электроника: Timing Pulse, Top Plate, Tuning Pulser28) Вычислительная техника: Transport Protocol, terminal processor, test program, Turbo Pascal (Borland), Transport Protocol (ISO/CCITT Transport Services (TP0-TP4), Twisted Pair (cable, LAN)29) Нефть: tool pusher, triple pole, буровой мастер (tool pusher), техническая статья (technical paper), давление в насосно-компрессорных трубах (tubing pressure), Tubing Puncher30) Связь: terminal portability31) Транспорт: Telecommunications Processor, Tire Pressure, Total Particulate Matter, Tour Preferred, Tour Proven, Traffic Programme, Trailer Point, Travel Permit32) Пищевая промышленность: Toss Pot, Tough Pigs33) Фирменный знак: Towne Pharmacy, Trading Post34) Экология: Timber Preserved, Tropical Park35) СМИ: Tattler Plus, The Poet, Tiny Plot, Trade Paperback, Translation Process, Two Part36) Деловая лексика: Technology Preview, Tee Productions, Typical Price37) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Third Parties38) Образование: Teacher Pronounced, Tried And Proven39) Сетевые технологии: Team Portal, Termination Point, Transaction Processor, Transfer Protocol, Transit Portal, transaction processing, twisted pair, витая пара, обработка транзакций, транспортный протокол40) Полимеры: test pressure, thermoplastic, tubing pressure41) Ядерная физика: Terphenyl42) Контроль качества: test point43) Пластмассы: Tube Plastic44) Сахалин Р: Technical Passport, Technical Permit, Topping Plant45) Химическое оружие: technical provision46) Безопасность: Tamper Proof47) Расширение файла: Turbo Pascal Configuration file, Turbo Profiler Session-state file, Turbo Pascal cfg file (Borland Pascal)48) Энергосистемы: transmission provider, компания-провайдер электропередачи49) Нефть и газ: technical design, trunk pipeline, МН, магистральный нефтепровод50) МИД: theoretical performance (of a single "CE")51) Электротехника: timing pulses, tin plate52) Фантастика Tiger Princess, Tongan Princess53) Имена и фамилии: Thomas Paine, Tom Petty54) Должность: Teaching Professional, The Pretender, Tidy And Punctual, Transpersonal Psychology55) Чат: Tested Positive, Top Posting56) Правительство: Terrace Park57) НАСА: Tracker Processor58) Программное обеспечение: Third Party59) Хобби: Tin Penny60) Федеральное бюро расследований: Tampa Field Office61) Международная торговля: Trading Partner -
15 pure
1. n поэт. чистота2. n кож. шакша, собачий помёт3. a чистый; беспримесныйpure wool — чистая шерсть, шерсть 100%
4. a чистокровный; чистый5. a чистый, ясный, отчётливый6. a однородный7. a правильный, соответствующий определённым нормам, безупречный8. a теоретический; отвлечённый9. a неиспорченный, безупречный, превосходный10. a невинный, непорочный, целомудренный, чистый11. a правдивый, честный, бескорыстныйpure upright character — правдивый, честный
12. a чистейший, полнейшийpure nonsense — абсолютная чепуха; чистый вздор
13. a абсолютный, полнейший14. a церк. неосквернённый15. adv чисто; без примесей16. adv уст. диал. совершенно, совсем, абсолютно17. v уст. чистить, очищать18. v кож. обрабатывать шакшойСинонимический ряд:1. abstract (adj.) abstract; conceptual; theoretical2. chaste (adj.) celibate; chaste; clean; decent; guileless; guiltless; honest; immaculate; innocent; modest; nice; sanitary; sinless; spotless; stainless; true; unalloyed; unblemished; uncontaminated; uncorrupted; undefiled; unstained; unsullied; untainted; upright; virginal3. good (adj.) blameless; exemplary; good; inculpable; irreprehensible; irreproachable; lily-white; righteous; unblamable; virtuous4. homogeneous (adj.) faultless; genuine; homogeneous; perfect; simple; unmodified5. pedigreed (adj.) pedigreed; purebred; thoroughbred6. straight (adj.) full-strength; neat; plain; straight; unblended; undiluted; unmixed7. total (adj.) absolute; all-out; arrant; complete; consummate; downright; neat; out-and-out; outright; plain; pure and simple; sheer; straight; thorough; thoroughgoing; total; unadulterated; unbounded; undiluted; unequivocal; unmitigated; unmixed; unqualified; unrelieved8. utter (adj.) all-fired; black; blamed; blank; blankety-blank; blasted; bleeding; blessed; blighted; blinding; blithering; blue; confounded; crashing; dad-blamed; dad-blasted; dad-burned; damned; dang; darn; dashed; deuced; doggone; double-distilled; durn; utterАнтонимический ряд:coarse; corrupt; defiled; dirty; dissolute; filthy; foul; gross; immodest; impure; indecent; indelicate; libidinous; mixed; practical; tainted -
16 Scott de Martinville, Edouard-Léon
SUBJECT AREA: Recording[br]b. 25 April 1817 Paris, Franced. 29 April 1879 Paris, France[br]French amateur phonetician, who developed a recorder for sound waves.[br]He was the descendant of a Scottish family who emigrated to France in 1688. He trained as a printer and later became a proof corrector in printing houses catering predominantly for scientific publishers. He became interested in shorthand systems and eventually turned his interest to making a permanent record of sounds in air. At the time it was already known (Young, Duhamel, Wertheim) to record vibrations of bodies. He made a theoretical study and deposited under sealed wrapper a note in the Académie des Sciences on 26 January 1857. He approached the scientific instrument maker Froment and was able to pay for the manufacture of one instrument due to support from the Société d'Encouragement à l'Industrie Nationale. This funding body obtained a positive report from the physicist Lissajous on 6 January 1858. A new model phonautograph was constructed in collaboration with the leading scientific instrument maker in Paris at the time, Rudolph Koenig, and a contract was signed in 1859. The instrument was a success, and Koenig published a collection of traces in 1864.Although the membrane was parallel to the rotating surface, a primitive lever system generated lateral movements of a bristle which scratched curves in a thin layer of lampblack on the rotating surface. The curves were not necessarily representative of the vibrations in the air. Scott did not imagine the need for reproducing a recorded sound; rather, his intention was to obtain a trace that would lend itself to mathematical analysis and visual recognition of sounds. Obviously the latter did not require the same degree of linearity as the former. When Scott learned that similar apparatus had been built independently in the USA, he requested that his sealed wrapper be opened on 15 July 1861 in order to prove his scientific priority. The contract with Koenig left Scott without influence over his instrument, and eventually he became convinced that everyone else, including Edison in the end, had stolen his invention. Towards the end of his life he became interested mainly in the history of printing, and he was involved in the publishing of a series of books about books.[br]Bibliography25 March 1857, amended 29 July 1859, French patent no. 31,470.Further ReadingP.Charbon, 1878, Scott de Martinville, Paris: Hifi Stereo, pp. 199–205 (a good biography produced at the time of the centenary of the Edison phonograph).V.J.Philips, 1987, Waveforms, Bristol: Adam Hilger, pp. 45–8 (provides a good account of the importance of his contributions to accurate measurements of temporal phenomena).GB-NBiographical history of technology > Scott de Martinville, Edouard-Léon
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17 Logic
My initial step... was to attempt to reduce the concept of ordering in a sequence to that of logical consequence, so as to proceed from there to the concept of number. To prevent anything intuitive from penetrating here unnoticed, I had to bend every effort to keep the chain of inference free of gaps. In attempting to comply with this requirement in the strictest possible way, I found the inadequacy of language to be an obstacle. (Frege, 1972, p. 104)I believe I can make the relation of my 'conceptual notation' to ordinary language clearest if I compare it to the relation of the microscope to the eye. The latter, because of the range of its applicability and because of the ease with which it can adapt itself to the most varied circumstances, has a great superiority over the microscope. Of course, viewed as an optical instrument it reveals many imperfections, which usually remain unnoticed only because of its intimate connection with mental life. But as soon as scientific purposes place strong requirements upon sharpness of resolution, the eye proves to be inadequate.... Similarly, this 'conceptual notation' is devised for particular scientific purposes; and therefore one may not condemn it because it is useless for other purposes. (Frege, 1972, pp. 104-105)To sum up briefly, it is the business of the logician to conduct an unceasing struggle against psychology and those parts of language and grammar which fail to give untrammeled expression to what is logical. He does not have to answer the question: How does thinking normally take place in human beings? What course does it naturally follow in the human mind? What is natural to one person may well be unnatural to another. (Frege, 1979, pp. 6-7)We are very dependent on external aids in our thinking, and there is no doubt that the language of everyday life-so far, at least, as a certain area of discourse is concerned-had first to be replaced by a more sophisticated instrument, before certain distinctions could be noticed. But so far the academic world has, for the most part, disdained to master this instrument. (Frege, 1979, pp. 6-7)There is no reproach the logician need fear less than the reproach that his way of formulating things is unnatural.... If we were to heed those who object that logic is unnatural, we would run the risk of becoming embroiled in interminable disputes about what is natural, disputes which are quite incapable of being resolved within the province of logic. (Frege, 1979, p. 128)[L]inguists will be forced, internally as it were, to come to grips with the results of modern logic. Indeed, this is apparently already happening to some extent. By "logic" is not meant here recursive function-theory, California model-theory, constructive proof-theory, or even axiomatic settheory. Such areas may or may not be useful for linguistics. Rather under "logic" are included our good old friends, the homely locutions "and," "or," "if-then," "if and only if," "not," "for all x," "for some x," and "is identical with," plus the calculus of individuals, event-logic, syntax, denotational semantics, and... various parts of pragmatics.... It is to these that the linguist can most profitably turn for help. These are his tools. And they are "clean tools," to borrow a phrase of the late J. L. Austin in another context, in fact, the only really clean ones we have, so that we might as well use them as much as we can. But they constitute only what may be called "baby logic." Baby logic is to the linguist what "baby mathematics" (in the phrase of Murray Gell-Mann) is to the theoretical physicist-very elementary but indispensable domains of theory in both cases. (Martin, 1969, pp. 261-262)There appears to be no branch of deductive inference that requires us to assume the existence of a mental logic in order to do justice to the psychological phenomena. To be logical, an individual requires, not formal rules of inference, but a tacit knowledge of the fundamental semantic principle governing any inference; a deduction is valid provided that there is no way of interpreting the premises correctly that is inconsistent with the conclusion. Logic provides a systematic method for searching for such counter-examples. The empirical evidence suggests that ordinary individuals possess no such methods. (Johnson-Laird, quoted in Mehler, Walker & Garrett, 1982, p. 130)The fundamental paradox of logic [that "there is no class (as a totality) of those classes which, each taken as a totality, do not belong to themselves" (Russell to Frege, 16 June 1902, in van Heijenoort, 1967, p. 125)] is with us still, bequeathed by Russell-by way of philosophy, mathematics, and even computer science-to the whole of twentieth-century thought. Twentieth-century philosophy would begin not with a foundation for logic, as Russell had hoped in 1900, but with the discovery in 1901 that no such foundation can be laid. (Everdell, 1997, p. 184)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Logic
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